FEATURE
The History of Drag
From the stages of ancient Greece to the runways of contemporary pop culture, drag has evolved, adapted, and flourished, becoming a powerful symbol of resilience, creativity, and resistance against societal norms.
July 18, 2024
The Rocky twins were drag vaudeville performers that made a name for themselves in 1930s Paris. -Image: Wikimedia Commons
In Shakespearean times, men would often dress as women to play female parts in productions. -Image: Wikimedia Commons
Rupaul for Rupaul's Drag Race -Image: Wikimedia Commons
The Rocky twins were drag vaudeville performers that made a name for themselves in 1930s Paris. -Image: Wikimedia Commons
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By William Cameron
Drag, the vibrant and transformative art form that melds performance, fashion, and gender expression, has a history as rich and varied as the dazzling costumes and personas it encompasses. From the stages of ancient Greece to the runways of contemporary pop culture, drag has evolved, adapted, and flourished, becoming a powerful symbol of resilience, creativity, and resistance against societal norms.
Ancient Roots and Theatrical Beginnings: The origins of drag can be traced back to ancient civilizations, where gender roles in performance were fluid out of necessity. In ancient Greece, theatrical productions often featured male actors portraying female characters, as women were barred from performing on stage. This practice continued into the Elizabethan era, where Shakespearean plays were performed by all-male casts. Boys and men in these roles donned elaborate costumes and adopted mannerisms to convincingly portray women, laying early foundations for the art of drag.
Drag in Vaudeville and Early 20th Century: The early 20th century saw drag gain popularity in the United States through vaudeville shows and cabaret performances. Vaudeville, with its eclectic mix of comedy, music, and dance, provided a platform for drag performers like Julian Eltinge, one of the era's most celebrated female impersonators. Eltinge's success, marked by his elegance and ability to embody femininity, challenged rigid gender norms and showcased the artistry of drag to a wide audience.
Simultaneously, drag began to flourish in underground queer communities, where it became a form of expression and rebellion against societal oppression. These communities, often marginalized and persecuted, found solace and solidarity in drag performances, which celebrated diversity and defied conventional gender expectations.
Barry Humphries, dressed as his most famous character Dame Edna Everage at the Sydney Opera House. -Image: Wikimedia Commons
The Golden Age of Drag: The mid-20th century marked a golden age for drag, as it moved from underground venues into mainstream entertainment. The post-World War II era saw the rise of drag balls in cities like New York, where performers competed in elaborate pageants, showcasing their creativity and skill. These events, immortalized in the 1990 documentary "Paris Is Burning," were not only about glamour but also about community, identity, and survival.
The 1960s and 1970s were transformative decades for drag, largely due to the Stonewall Riots of 1969. This pivotal moment in LGBTQ+ history, sparked by resistance to police raids on the Stonewall Inn, galvanized the gay rights movement and elevated drag queens as prominent activists. Figures like Marsha P. Johnson and Sylvia Rivera emerged as key voices, using their platforms to advocate for LGBTQ+ rights and social justice.
Drag in the Late 20th Century: From Disco to Punk: The late 20th century witnessed a diversification of drag styles, influenced by the cultural shifts of the disco era and the punk movement. Disco, with its emphasis on extravagance and nightlife, provided a vibrant backdrop for drag queens to shine. Performers like Divine, known for their outlandish and provocative style, pushed the boundaries of drag, blending glamour with shock value.
The punk movement of the 1970s and 1980s introduced a more subversive and DIY aesthetic to drag. Artists like Leigh Bowery challenged traditional notions of beauty and performance, incorporating elements of performance art, fashion, and music. This period saw drag become a powerful form of self-expression and critique, questioning societal norms and celebrating individuality.
The Drag Renaissance: The late 20th and early 21st centuries heralded a renaissance for drag, propelled by increased visibility in mainstream media. The 1990s saw RuPaul Charles rise to prominence with the hit song "Supermodel (You Better Work)" and the subsequent launch of "The RuPaul Show" on VH1. RuPaul's charisma and message of self-empowerment brought drag into living rooms across America, challenging stereotypes and fostering greater acceptance.
The 2009 debut of "RuPaul's Drag Race" marked a significant turning point for drag culture. The reality competition show, which showcases drag queens competing in various challenges, has become a global phenomenon, spawning international versions and inspiring countless viewers. "Drag Race" has not only elevated drag to new heights but also created a platform for discussing issues such as LGBTQ+ rights, identity, and acceptance.
Today, drag is a global phenomenon, celebrated and embraced across cultures and communities. The internet and social media have played a crucial role in this expansion, allowing drag performers to reach audiences worldwide and share their artistry without geographical limitations. Platforms like YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok have democratized drag, enabling aspiring queens to showcase their talents and build fan bases.
Moreover, drag has become a powerful form of activism and social commentary. Drag queens continue to use their platforms to advocate for LGBTQ+ rights, challenge political injustices, and raise awareness about issues such as HIV/AIDS, trans rights, and mental health. The art form has also become more inclusive, with a growing recognition and celebration of drag kings, non-binary performers, and bio queens (cisgender women who perform drag).
Rupaul for Rupaul's Drag Race -Image: Wikimedia Commons
As we look to the future, the art of drag is poised to continue evolving and innovating. Emerging technologies such as virtual reality and digital drag performances offer new possibilities for creativity and expression. Additionally, the increasing mainstream acceptance of drag opens doors for collaboration with other art forms, including fashion, film, and music.
Inclusivity remains a crucial focus for the drag community, with ongoing efforts to ensure that all performers, regardless of gender identity, race, or background, are represented and celebrated. The future of drag lies in its ability to adapt, inspire, and continue challenging societal norms, reminding us that at its core, drag is about celebrating the diversity and resilience of the human spirit.
The history of drag is a testament to the power of creativity, resilience, and the relentless pursuit of self-expression. From ancient theaters to modern-day reality TV, drag has continually evolved, breaking boundaries and redefining gender norms. It is an art form that celebrates individuality, fosters community, and serves as a beacon of resistance and liberation. As we move forward, the vibrant tapestry of drag will undoubtedly continue to inspire and empower, reminding us of the beauty and strength found in embracing our true selves.
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About the author
With a 24-year background in print advertising sales and publishing, a love for art and design, and steadfast determination, William has helped develop and execute the successful launch of three publications over his career; METROMODE being his own. As the Creative Director, he sets the brand's vision and leads a talented team of writers while bringing his creative abilities (16-years in graphic design) to designing each issue.